Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• S2a). In contrast to the Au/mica surface, the Au/Si substrate exhibits a rougher surface, as seen in Figure 2c, in agreement with the difference in growth mode of Au films on the two substrates. For mica, epitaxial growth is obtained [16][17], while Au on Si/SiO2 forms a granular film [18]. Although

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• oxidation modes – oxidation, etching, and transition modes – in the third of which both oxidation and etching occur. A precise temperature–pressure growth mode diagram was obtained via careful measurements for Si(113), and the results were compared with those for Si(111) in the present work and Si(001) in

• corresponding to the oxides was observed. Temperature–pressure growth mode diagram Figure 6a and Figure 6b show temperature–pressure growth mode diagrams of thermal oxidation on Si(113) and Si(111), respectively. Characterization of this region as a transition region in which both oxidation and etching occur is

• attractive interaction between the steps take place competitively. We constructed a precise temperature–pressure growth mode diagram for Si(113) as well as for Si(111), and compared the results with those for Si(001) reported in the literature [17]. It is apparent that the oxidation conditions corresponding

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• large angles between cell and light source. The magnesium-doped zinc oxide films exhibited grain growth mode on sample B. Close to the silicon surface, only small grains were grown initially. The size of the MZO grains varies but does not exceed a value of 50 nm. Then (for larger distances from the Si

• substrate), the growth mode is similar to that observed for sample A. However, the size of the columns is smaller and does not exceed 100 nm in width. In the tested samples, a microcrystalline structure of the MZO film was detected. Our previous research proved the monocrystalline quality of ZnONR [15

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• GR/Ir(111) system. The lattice constant of the KBr layer is determined to be 651 pm, in accordance to the expected 660 pm for bulk KBr. In comparison to the KBr growth mode on bare Ir(111), as presented in Figure 1a, the KBr layer on graphene is observed to even extend across step edges. Hence, the

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• . The F4PEN monolayer was essentially lying on Ag(111), and multilayers adopted π-stacking. Our study shed light not only on the F4PEN–Ag(111) interface but also on the fundamental adsorption behavior of fluorinated pentacene derivatives on metals in the context of interface energetics and growth mode

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• experiments in order to switch freestanding nanowire growth to a laterally aligned growth mode. By means of finite element simulations, we determined that a higher volumetric flow and a reduced process pressure will result in a preferred laterally aligned nanowire growth. Furthermore, increasing the

• freestanding NWs towards the normal vector of the substrate surface [17][18]. Another argument for the laterally aligned NW growth mode is given by Zi et al. and is described to be the partial pressure of the process gases for the case of InAs NWs [10]. Focusing on the material system of SnO2, we evaluated the

• missing, it can be concluded that a high process pressure implies a high volumetric flow [15][16]. This makes it necessary to analyze these influencing parameters with respect to the laterally aligned NW growth. In this paper, we aim for an improved understanding regarding how the freestanding growth mode

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• growth rate over 20 consecutive cycles using the middle 16 cycles for statistics, as shown in Figure 2. This approach resembles a practical growth mode where the pulse times are kept sufficiently long for homogeneous growth but shorter than what is required for complete saturation. Long pulse times

• mode dominates the overall film growth. Such a CVD contribution is limited when a practical growth mode is considered sufficient. When highlighting the overall growth dynamics, rather long pulse and purge times for all precursors are used. In this case, a pulse scheme of 7 s TTIP, 10 s purge, 15 s

• . On the other hand, this implies that no exchange reaction takes place during the pulsing of TTIP. Such a scheme corresponds well with the QCM results showing a significant mass increase during TTIP pulsing. To accommodate for such a growth mode, the TTIP must be able to coordinate to the previously

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• associated with the diffusion-limited particle–cluster aggregation (DLPCA) mechanism [47][48][49][50][51][52]. The DLPCA growth mode is also evidenced not only by the plateau value of D, but also through the fact that the value of D increases with the size/extent of the aggregates [47][49] expressed

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• shown in Figure 1. The appearance of PLWL peaks indicates the Stranski–Krastanov growth mode of QDs. The photoluminescence of a sample with one QD layer is characterized by the absence of a peak of the excited states, and the PLGS peak has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ca. 118 meV with a

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• reports on similar hybrids and electrodeposited epitaxial films [32][33]. HRTEM images of samples MNP-6 and MNP-44 are presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. While MNP-44 shows a similar growth mode, the smallest hybrid NPs (MNP-6) show a rather spherical shape for the Au core and

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• substrates. The growth species have low particle energy and the resulting structures are rather compact with relatively low surface area. In contrast to this, the thorny structures already show spaces between the individual walls. The higher particle energy leads to a growth mode where the carbon structures

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• incorporation along the boundary. In other words, at some critical Si concentration, the mechanism of NW growth changes from nucleation-mediated to transport-mediated. As can be seen in Figure 2, NTs do not grow directly on the substrate surface. Instead, first a NW is formed and then a NW to NT growth mode

• the outer part of the NW is increasing with the NW height, and when its value reaches a certain limit, corresponding to a zero nucleation barrier, the NT growth mode occurs. Transmission electron microscopy image (Figure 2b) shows that thickness of the NT increases towards the top, while the hollow

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• deposition of silver on a hot substrate results in weaker wetting. Thus, even though germanium was utilized, silver formed islands during the deposition process – a transition from Frank–van der Merve to Volmer–Weber growth mode. This resulted in increasing the rate of the segregation process, since

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• not fully covered with Si, since nearly one quarter of the surface remains free. This indicates that the second layer starts to grow before completion of the first one, corresponding to a rough growth mode of the amorphous film. For growth at 506 K, a similar behaviour is observed, but after

• completion of the monolayer: above 1 ML, thicker islands grow, with a (√3 × √3)R30° reconstruction, in a rough growth mode, as shown in Figure 2c for 2.2 ML. In Figure 2e is presented, for the same area, the apparent height of the surface modulo the Ag step height hAg. For clarity, if one applies this

• the silicene layer and the thicker islands in the framework of Ag-surfactant growth. All kind of growth modes can be simulated using these parameters. For example, setting αu(i) = 0 and αd(i) >> 1 leads to a classical 2D or Frank–van der Merwe growth mode. Setting αd(i) = 0 and αu(i) >> 1 leads to a

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• the growth mode, as previously reported in 3D cobalt nanowires grown by FEBID [31]. In 3D cobalt nanowires the growth occurs in a radial mode for a wire diameter greater than 120 nm, which results in higher Co content than wires with a diameter less than 80 nm, which grow in a linear mode. In order to

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• -energy shoulder. The formation of such crystallites is clearly temperature-dependent. Solely 3D growth is observed when the temperature reaches 300 °C, i.e., the limit of the 2D Si-layer growth mode on Ag(111). The Raman and AFM results confirm the co-existence of Si crystallites and of the “” structure

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• concentration increased. There is a defined and individual growth mode for every microorganism correlated with optimal time and temperature, and every step of the microbial growth is associated with a specific VOC. Conclusion We have successfully obtained nanostructures, in form of wires or flowers, of the

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• layer deposition and impregnation. It was shown that the catalyst prepared by atomic layer deposition catalyzed the growth of SWCNTs by the tip-growth mode, whereas the catalyst prepared by impregnation catalyzed the base-growth of nanotubes. This was explained by weak interactions between Co

• SWCNTs or nuclei and the nanoparticles on which they grow. They proved the existence of two nucleation and growth modes of nanotubes: tangential and perpendicular modes. In the tangential growth mode, the carbon wall of growing nanotube is oriented tangentially to the surface of nanoparticle. As a result

• , the diameter of grown nanotube is close to that of the nanoparticle. In the perpendicular growth mode, the carbon wall of growing nanotube is oriented perpendicular to the surface of nanoparticle. As a result, the diameter of grown nanotubes is smaller or not correlated with that of the nanoparticle

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• [45]. These authors, in addition to investigating the growth mode of the FePc overlayers, also analysed their electronic structure in detail. The molecular films grow in a layer-plus-island mode, and in the observed layers, the molecular plane is parallel to the surface [45]. The molecules in the

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO₃(001) and SrTiO₃(110) surfaces

• Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

• of the metal–oxide interface, the metal, and the oxide, respectively, the metal is expected to form 3D aggregates (Volmer–Weber growth mode) [50]. From the previously reported surface free energies per unit area of the crystal facets [51][52], Equation 1 is supposed to hold well for the growth of a

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• particles on MgO(001), the observed cube-on-cube growth mode appears plausible due to the 9% lattice mismatch between the two systems leading to pseudo-epitaxial growth with 11 FePt lattice parameters fitting well onto 10 lattice units of a MgO(001) substrate [20]. RHEED measurements are first performed on

Influence of size, shape and core–shell interface on surface plasmon resonance in Ag and Ag@MgO nanoparticle films deposited on Si/SiO_x

• Sergio D’Addato,
• Daniele Pinotti,
• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Guido Paolicelli,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Sergio Valeri,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Luca Bergamini and
• Stefano Corni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 404–413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.40

• formed by the Vollmer–Weber growth mode [15][16]. This fundamental work can in principle be used to characterize the NPs [16] and also to obtain the optimum device performance [7][9]. Moreover, the NP synthesis can play an essential role by defining the cluster structure and the NP surface nature

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• thin film couples can be different from the planar growth mode: Instead of nucleation and growth of the reaction layer at the initial interface, the reaction takes place in the GBs and the amount of the product phase grows by the motion of the formed new interfaces perpendicular to the GBs. Thus, the

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• brightness of the deposits and the cluster growth mode are in line with the autocatalytic growth of EBID deposits upon dosage of additional Co(CO)3NO. The samples were further characterized at the PolLux soft X-ray STXM beamline [28] at the Swiss Light Source using a zone plate with a nominal resolution of